Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar disorder, or manic-depressive illness, is a mental health condition characterized by extreme mood, energy, and activity shifts. People with bipolar disorder experience episodes of depression and mania or hypomania. During a depressive episode, individuals may experience symptoms such as feeling sad, hopeless, and irritable. They may also have changes in appetite and sleep patterns, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, and a loss of interest in activities they once enjoyed.
During a manic or hypomanic episode, individuals may experience symptoms such as feeling elated, euphoric, and full of energy. They may also have racing thoughts, talk very fast, engage in risky behaviors, and have a decreased need for sleep.
There are different types of bipolar disorder, including bipolar I, bipolar II, and cyclothymic disorder.
Treatment for bipolar disorder typically involves a combination of medication and therapy. Medicine, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and psychoeducation, can help individuals learn coping skills, manage stress, and develop strategies to prevent relapse. Mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and antidepressants can be used to manage symptoms. Individuals with bipolar disorder need ongoing treatment and support to manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life.