What happens when we get older

As you age, several changes occur in the brain. While some cognitive abilities may decline, other aspects of brain function can remain stable or even improve. Here are some of the critical changes that can happen in the aging brain:

• Brain volume: The brain tends to shrink in size and weight with age, and this loss is more pronounced in certain regions, such as the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, which are essential for memory and executive functions.

• Neuronal changes: The number of neurons in the brain may decline, and the remaining neurons may become less efficient in transmitting signals. However, the brain can create new connections between neurons, a process known as neuroplasticity, which can compensate for these changes to some extent.

• Neurotransmitter levels: The levels of various neurotransmitters, including dopamine and serotonin, can change with age. These chemical messengers regulate mood, cognition, and other brain functions.

• Blood flow and oxygenation: Blood flow to the brain may decrease, affecting the delivery of oxygen and nutrients. This can impact cognitive functions, including memory and attention.

• Cognitive changes: While specific cognitive abilities, such as processing speed and working memory, tend to decline with age, other areas, like vocabulary and crystallized knowledge, may remain stable or improve. The rate and extent of cognitive changes can vary widely among individuals.

• Memory changes: Older adults may experience difficulties in specific memory tasks, particularly those requiring retrieving recently learned information. However, long-term and implicit memory (unconscious memory) are generally less affected.

Engaging in mentally stimulating activities, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and seeking social interactions can help promote brain health as you age.