Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic inflammatory conditions that affect the digestive tract. The two main types of IBD are Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Crohn's disease can affect any part of the digestive tract, from the mouth to the anus, and causes inflammation that extends through the total thickness of the affected area. Symptoms can include abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and fatigue.
On the other hand, ulcerative colitis primarily affects the colon and rectum, causing inflammation and ulcers on the inner lining of the colon. Symptoms can include:
bloody diarrhea
bowel movement urgency
The exact cause of IBD is not known. Still, it is believed to involve an abnormal immune response to normal bacteria in the digestive tract in people with a genetic predisposition. The diagnosis of IBD may involve a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as blood tests, stool tests, colonoscopy, or imaging studies.
Treatment for IBD may involve medication, surgery, or a combination of both. Medications may include anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressants, biological therapies, or antibiotics. Surgery may be necessary in severe cases or to treat complications such as intestinal blockages, perforations, or bleeding.
Lifestyle changes such as following a low-residue or low-fiber diet, stress management, and regular exercise may also help manage symptoms and improve the quality of life for people with IBD.