Laboratory Tests
Medical laboratory tests can be broadly classified into several categories, including:
Hematology Tests: These tests evaluate the blood and blood-forming tissues. Standard hematology tests include complete blood count (CBC), hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet count, and white blood cell count.
Clinical Chemistry Tests: These tests measure the levels of various chemicals and substances in the blood, such as glucose, electrolytes, enzymes, hormones, and lipids. Standard clinical chemistry tests include blood glucose, liver function tests, lipid profile, and an electrolyte panel.
Microbiology Tests: These tests detect and identify microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Standard microbiology tests include cultures, gram stains, and rapid diagnostic tests.
Immunology Tests evaluate the immune system's response to infection and disease. Standard immunology tests include ELISA, Western blot, and flow cytometry.
Urinalysis Tests: These tests analyze the components of urine, such as protein, glucose, and red blood cells, to diagnose conditions such as urinary tract infections, kidney disease, and diabetes.
Histology Tests involve examining tissues and cells under a microscope to diagnose conditions such as cancer, infections, and autoimmune diseases.
Genetic Tests: These tests evaluate genetic material to diagnose or predict genetic disorders and diseases. Examples of genetic tests include carrier testing, prenatal testing, and predictive testing.