Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that affects the cartilage, which is the cushioning tissue that covers the ends of bones in a joint. Over time, the cartilage breaks down, causing the bones to rub against each other and resulting in pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis. It can affect any joint in the body, but it most commonly affects the knees, hips, and hands.
The exact cause of osteoarthritis is not known. Still, factors such as age, genetics, joint injury or trauma, obesity, and repetitive joint stress may contribute to its development. The symptoms of osteoarthritis can vary from person to person but often include joint pain and stiffness, reduced range of motion, and a cracking or grinding sensation when moving the joint.
There is no cure for osteoarthritis, but there are many treatment options available that can help manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. Treatment may include lifestyle modifications such as exercise, weight loss, and avoiding activities that put stress on the joints, as well as medications such as pain relievers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and corticosteroids. Physical therapy and assistive devices such as braces, canes, or walkers may also be recommended to improve mobility and reduce pain.
Surgery may be recommended in severe cases of osteoarthritis where conservative treatments are no longer effective. Joint replacement surgery, where a damaged joint is replaced with an artificial joint, is a standard surgical option for people with advanced osteoarthritis.
Working with a healthcare provider to develop an individualized treatment plan for osteoarthritis is essential, as early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms and prevent further joint damage.