Peptic Ulcers
Peptic ulcers are open sores that develop in the stomach, esophagus, or small intestine lining. Most peptic ulcers are caused by a bacterial infection with Helicobacter pylori or by long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Symptoms of peptic ulcers can include:
The pain may worsen at night and improve temporarily after eating or taking antacids. The diagnosis of peptic ulcers may involve an upper endoscopy, a procedure in which a thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted through the mouth and into the stomach to visualize the lining of the digestive tract. In addition, a test for H. pylori may be performed.
Treatment for peptic ulcers typically involves a combination of medications and lifestyle changes. Medications may include antibiotics to treat H. pylori infection, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to reduce stomach acid production, and/or antacids to neutralize stomach acid. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to treat complications or to remove the ulcer.
Lifestyle changes may include avoiding trigger foods irritating the digestive tract, reducing alcohol consumption, and quitting smoking. Stress reduction techniques such as meditation or yoga may also be helpful. It's essential to seek medical attention if you suspect you have a peptic ulcer, as untreated ulcers can cause complications such as bleeding, perforation, or digestive tract obstruction.