COPD - Pulmonary Disease
COPD, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is a chronic medical condition affecting the lungs and making breathing difficult. It's typically caused by long-term exposure to irritants such as cigarette smoke, air pollution, and workplace chemicals.
COPD is characterized by inflammation and damage to the airways in the lungs, leading to airflow obstruction and reduced lung function. The two main types of COPD are chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Chronic bronchitis involves inflammation and narrowing of the airways. In contrast, emphysema requires damage to the air sacs in the lungs, leading to decreased elasticity and collapse of the airways.
Symptoms of COPD may include shortness of breath, coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, and excess mucus production. These symptoms typically worsen over time, leading to significant disability and reduced quality of life.
Treatment for COPD may include lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, avoiding exposure to irritants, and increasing physical activity. Medications may include bronchodilators to open the airways, inhaled corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, and oxygen therapy to improve breathing. Surgery such as lung volume reduction or lung transplant may be necessary in severe cases. Individuals with COPD should work closely with their healthcare providers to manage their symptoms and prevent complications.